Tuesday, 31 January 2012
Digipak: testing out different softwares
To create our digipak we had to try using many different softwares to find ways to edit it and make it look good and to succeed in making it look professional. We have tried using different softwares such as picnik and photoshop.
Research Into Magazine Adverts
To promote our video we will have to look at different magazine adverts which advertise the release of certain angles. This maxmises sales as people who are interested in that type of music will see it and may be infuenced to buy it by being impressed or amazed by the artwork/title/text/price. I think an album advert should include:
-The Artist
-Release Date
-Rating
-Album Name
-Where its avaliable
-An Image Of The Artist
My goal is to have all of these things on my magazine advert to make sure the customers know exactly what they are getting and where they will be getting it from. However i will involve all of these while still creating a attractive and spectacular advertisement.
-The Artist
-Release Date
-Rating
-Album Name
-Where its avaliable
-An Image Of The Artist
My goal is to have all of these things on my magazine advert to make sure the customers know exactly what they are getting and where they will be getting it from. However i will involve all of these while still creating a attractive and spectacular advertisement.
Editing
2
We are coming to the end of finishing our music video but we still haves lots of things to do to make it better. We have until february to finish this music video so we are running out of time which is putting a lot of pressure on us as when we first started filming this music video didn't quite work out with the first person we asked to do the acting as she could hardly come out to film. We have few parts to edit but most of it is nearly finished. We need to find more video transitions that we need to add to make the video better. The lip-syncing is not in time throughout the whole music video so we all need to as a group edit that to make the video perfect otherwise it wont flow well. I think that we are making good progress at the moment but we don't have long left to hand in the final piece of work which needs to be at a high standard. The pictures above show some screen grabs of the editing we have done:
The Reception Theory
The Reception theory provides a means of understanding media texts by understanding how these texts are read by audiences. Theorists who analyze media through reception studies are concerned with the experience of cinema and television viewing for spectators, and how meaning is created through that experience. An important concept of reception theory is that the media text—the individual movie or television program—has no inherent meaning in and of itself. Instead, meaning is created in the interaction between spectator and text; in other words, meaning is created as the viewer watches and processes the film.
Given that the Effects Model and the Uses and Gratifications have their problems and limitations a different approach to audiences was developed by the academic Stuart Hall at Birmingham University in the 1970's, this considered how texts were encoded with meaning by producers and then decoded (understood) by audiences. The story suggests that when a producer constructs a text it is encoded with a meaning or message the producer wishes to convey the audience, in some instances audiences will correctly decode the message or meaning and understand what the producer was trying to say.
In some instances the audience will either reject or fail to correctly understand the message, Stuart Hall identified three types of audience readings(or decoding) of the text which are dominant or preferred,negotiated and oppositional.Dominant is where the audience decodes the message as the producer wants them to do and broadly agrees with it e.g. watching a political speech or being disinterested. Negotiated is where the audience accepts,rejects or refines elements of the text in light of previously held views e.g. neither agreeing or or disagreeing with the political speech or being disinterested. Oppositional is where the dominant meaning is recognised but rejected for cultural,political or ideological reasons e.g. total rejection of the political speech and active opposition.
Given that the Effects Model and the Uses and Gratifications have their problems and limitations a different approach to audiences was developed by the academic Stuart Hall at Birmingham University in the 1970's, this considered how texts were encoded with meaning by producers and then decoded (understood) by audiences. The story suggests that when a producer constructs a text it is encoded with a meaning or message the producer wishes to convey the audience, in some instances audiences will correctly decode the message or meaning and understand what the producer was trying to say.
In some instances the audience will either reject or fail to correctly understand the message, Stuart Hall identified three types of audience readings(or decoding) of the text which are dominant or preferred,negotiated and oppositional.Dominant is where the audience decodes the message as the producer wants them to do and broadly agrees with it e.g. watching a political speech or being disinterested. Negotiated is where the audience accepts,rejects or refines elements of the text in light of previously held views e.g. neither agreeing or or disagreeing with the political speech or being disinterested. Oppositional is where the dominant meaning is recognised but rejected for cultural,political or ideological reasons e.g. total rejection of the political speech and active opposition.
Monday, 30 January 2012
The Uses and Gratifications Model
It is still unclear that there is any link between the consumption of violent media texts and violent imitative behaviour but it is clear that the theory is flawed in that many people do watch violent texts and appear not to be influenced so therefore a new theory is necessary and this theory is called The Uses and Gratifications Model. This theory is completely opposite to The Effects Model which is the idea that the audience are active, and they use the text don't let the text use them.Audiences use the text for their own gratification or pleasure, this means that the power lies with the audience not the producers so therefore it emphasises what audiences do with media texts, how and why they use the. Far from being duped by the media, audience's are free to reject, use or play with media meanings as they see fit.
Audiences there use media texts to gratify needs for,diversion,escapism,information,pleasure,comparing relationships and lifestyle with one's own, and sexual stimulation. To gratify needs for diversion because it helps them escape from routine and problems which could help with their emotional response to a certain situation. Information about which might affect one pr will help one do or accomplish something. Audience's are in control and the consumption of the media helps people with issues such as learning, emotional satisfaction and relaxation.
Media texts also help with issues of personal identity,social identity,aggression and violence. This theory suggests that media texts help with emotion, pleasure, feelings,family, friends. In 2007 a study was conducted to examine the facebook groups gratifications in relation to their civic participation offline. The Web survey polled 1,715 college students, ranging in age from 18-29, who were members of facebook groups. The respondents were given 16 statement through an electronic survey and asked “to rate their level of agreement with specific reasons for using facebook groups, including information acquisition about campus/community, entertainment/recreation, social interaction with friends and family, and peer pressure/self satisfaction.” The Likert scale indicated the 1 was strongly agree and 6 was strongly disagree. To ensure those results were not skewed, the respondents were also asked to complete a set of level of agreement questions to properly gauge their level of life satisfaction.The study ultimately yielded results through principal components factor analysis with varimax rotation.The results showed that there were four needs for using Facebook groups, “socializing, entertainment, self-status seeking,and information.”
There were four main things that gratification received from facebook groups such as socialising,entertainment,self seeking and information.Students interested in talking and meeting with others to achieve a sense of community and peer support on the particular topic of the group.Students engaged with the groups to amuse themselves,students maintain and seek out their personal status,as well of those of their friends,through the online group participation and also the students used the group to receive information about related events going on and off campus.
Controversially the theory suggests the consumption of violent images can be helpful rather than harmful.The theory suggests that audiences act out their violent impulses through the consumption of media violence. The audiences inclination towards violence is therefore sublimated, and they are less likely to commit violent acts.
Audiences there use media texts to gratify needs for,diversion,escapism,information,pleasure,comparing relationships and lifestyle with one's own, and sexual stimulation. To gratify needs for diversion because it helps them escape from routine and problems which could help with their emotional response to a certain situation. Information about which might affect one pr will help one do or accomplish something. Audience's are in control and the consumption of the media helps people with issues such as learning, emotional satisfaction and relaxation.
Media texts also help with issues of personal identity,social identity,aggression and violence. This theory suggests that media texts help with emotion, pleasure, feelings,family, friends. In 2007 a study was conducted to examine the facebook groups gratifications in relation to their civic participation offline. The Web survey polled 1,715 college students, ranging in age from 18-29, who were members of facebook groups. The respondents were given 16 statement through an electronic survey and asked “to rate their level of agreement with specific reasons for using facebook groups, including information acquisition about campus/community, entertainment/recreation, social interaction with friends and family, and peer pressure/self satisfaction.” The Likert scale indicated the 1 was strongly agree and 6 was strongly disagree. To ensure those results were not skewed, the respondents were also asked to complete a set of level of agreement questions to properly gauge their level of life satisfaction.The study ultimately yielded results through principal components factor analysis with varimax rotation.The results showed that there were four needs for using Facebook groups, “socializing, entertainment, self-status seeking,and information.”
There were four main things that gratification received from facebook groups such as socialising,entertainment,self seeking and information.Students interested in talking and meeting with others to achieve a sense of community and peer support on the particular topic of the group.Students engaged with the groups to amuse themselves,students maintain and seek out their personal status,as well of those of their friends,through the online group participation and also the students used the group to receive information about related events going on and off campus.
Controversially the theory suggests the consumption of violent images can be helpful rather than harmful.The theory suggests that audiences act out their violent impulses through the consumption of media violence. The audiences inclination towards violence is therefore sublimated, and they are less likely to commit violent acts.
Thursday, 26 January 2012
The Effects Model Continued.....
Key examples cited as causing or being contributory factors are:
- Child's Play 3 in the murder of James Bulger in 1993
- Child's Play 3 in the murder of James Bulger in 1993
The game Manhunt in the murder of Stefan Pakeera in 2004 by his friend Warren LeBlanc
By the film A Clockwork Orange(1971) in a number of rapes and violent attacks
Also the film Severance(2006) in the murder of Simon Everett
In each case there was a media and political outery for the texts to be banned, in some cases laws were changed, films were banned, and newspapers demanded the burning of films. Subsequently, in each case it was found that no case could be proven to demonstrate a link between the text and the violent acts. The Effects Model contributes to moral panics whereby media produces inactivity, make us into students who won'y pass their exams or 'couch potatoes' who make no effort to get a job. Media produces violent 'copycat' behavior or mindless shopping in response to advertisements.
Thursday, 19 January 2012
Effects Model
The consumption of media texts has an effect or influence upon the audience, it is normally considered that this effect is negative. Audiences are passive and powerless to prevent the influence, the power lies with the message of the text.(can be forced to agree with something) (passive-not involved)
The model is also called:
The Hypodermic Model
Here, the messages in media texts are injected into the audience by the powerful syringe-like media, this means the the audience is too powerless to resist so therefore, the media works like a drug and the audience is drugged,addicted,doped or duped.
Key evidence for the effects model:
1. The Frankfurt school theorised in the 1920's and 30's that the mass media acted to restrict and control audiences to the benefit of corporate capitalism and governments
2. The Bobo Doll Experiment is a very controversial piece of research that apparently proved that children copy violent behaviour.
This experiment was conducted in 1961 by Albert Bandura. Bandura found that the children exposed to the aggressive model were more likely to act in physically aggressive ways than those who were not exposed to the aggressive model. Children watched a video where an adult violently attacked a clown toy called a Bobo Doll. Children were taken to a room with attractive toys they were not permitted to touch. They were then led to another room with Bobo Dolls. 88% of the children imitated the violent behaviour that they had earlier viewed. 8 months later 40% of them reproduced the same violent behaviour. The conclusion reached was that the children will imitate violent media content.
Many problems with this experiment are:
It cannot prove whether the children suffered a long term effect or not
Selection Bias
unclear history of subjects
ambiguous temporal sequence
Other than having these problems the Effects Model is still the dominant theory used by politicians, some parts of the media and some religious organizations in attributing violence to the consumption of media texts.
The model is also called:
The Hypodermic Model
Here, the messages in media texts are injected into the audience by the powerful syringe-like media, this means the the audience is too powerless to resist so therefore, the media works like a drug and the audience is drugged,addicted,doped or duped.
Key evidence for the effects model:
1. The Frankfurt school theorised in the 1920's and 30's that the mass media acted to restrict and control audiences to the benefit of corporate capitalism and governments
2. The Bobo Doll Experiment is a very controversial piece of research that apparently proved that children copy violent behaviour.
This experiment was conducted in 1961 by Albert Bandura. Bandura found that the children exposed to the aggressive model were more likely to act in physically aggressive ways than those who were not exposed to the aggressive model. Children watched a video where an adult violently attacked a clown toy called a Bobo Doll. Children were taken to a room with attractive toys they were not permitted to touch. They were then led to another room with Bobo Dolls. 88% of the children imitated the violent behaviour that they had earlier viewed. 8 months later 40% of them reproduced the same violent behaviour. The conclusion reached was that the children will imitate violent media content.
Many problems with this experiment are:
It cannot prove whether the children suffered a long term effect or not
Selection Bias
unclear history of subjects
ambiguous temporal sequence
Other than having these problems the Effects Model is still the dominant theory used by politicians, some parts of the media and some religious organizations in attributing violence to the consumption of media texts.
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